It seems obvious, but it is critical to have a strong foundation, matched to soil properties, before designing the rest of the structure. This may include excavation and dewatering requirements, soil preparation and amendments, the type and size of foundations needed, the choice of structural materials, and structural design. Soil testing ensures the project will be sound and successful before the foundation is laid. Without this testing, builders and engineers would not be aware of the quality of the sub-surface and materials and whether they will meet the project’s requirements. Other types of field testing include:
Soil and Aggregate Sampling and Testing
- Compaction and density
- Bearing ratio
- Permeability testing
Concrete sampling and testing
- Air entrainment testing
- Slump testing
- Temperatures
- Unit weight
On-site inspections are necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements of the project documents and the building code. For example, an inspector can review rebar, structural steel, and the bolts and welding holding these materials together. Site inspection ensures any deficiencies are detected and corrected before these materials are covered and concealed. Depending on code requirements and the type of inspection required, third-party certified professionals or professional engineers perform this work.
There are many other tests available to perform before, during, or after construction to assist in the conformity of the project with building codes and owner requirements. For example, a floor moisture analysis and floor flatness test defines the safety and longevity of a concrete slab foundation. Floor moisture analysis detects any wetness within the concrete slab, eliminating future issues with installed floor finishes. Floor flatness testing measures how levelled the concrete slab is and detects undulations across the top surface.
Laboratory testing
Lab testing involves collecting material samples at a construction site and taking them back to an off-site location or lab for review and analysis. Lab testing might be confused with product testing, which is also done in a lab and involves reviewing, testing, and reporting on the performance of product samples from bring up such as doors, windows, curtain walls, and roofing products. The performance of products pre-tested in a lab does not necessarily guarantee how well they will perform in the field, especially if the construction materials supporting the finished products have not been completely tested and inspected.
Lab examination on material samples, such as soil, asphalt, aggregate, concrete, and masonry provide a reliable and detailed analysis of the materials, ensuring the on-site materials function as intended. Lab tests can also be performed if the field-testing results are inconclusive or if a more detailed analysis is needed. Other examples of lab testing include:
