The future of lighting integration
Parametric design in architecture can be defined as the manipulation of geometric forms and elements through advanced computation, producing complicated architectural designs and structures. The philosophy associated with parametric design possesses the following attributes:
- It leverages computerized, algorithmic processes for design.
- It is usually based on non-random patterns, although they may look random due to their complexity. Such patterns are often inspired by the natural world, thus resulting in organic arrangements of forms and shapes.
- It blends complexity and variety with the capability to assess and optimize both structural elements and designs.
- It allows for component elements within the system to adapt and have interdependencies with the larger system.
These unique, heterogenous designs are making their way into interior architecture. Specialty ceiling manufacturers leverage graphics software, along with digital production capabilities, to deliver seemingly custom ceiling designs at scale. This movement in architecture is leading to beautiful, brand-forward, natural-feeling spaces—and the momentum is not slowing down as system improvements are implemented and more competitors enter the arena. The challenge with these specialty ceiling systems, however, is the interdependent and adaptive attributes of parametric design. Given how most architectural ceiling systems—outside of the true custom project designs—are made up of standard product puzzle pieces offered by lighting and ceiling manufacturers, it is difficult to realize an architectural designer’s unique vision at scale. Much like the previous baffle example, if design changes occur due to space variables, budgetary concerns, or other factors, even if the perfect design was specified, it is extremely difficult to modify said design without disrupting the component parts.
A potential solution to this design conundrum is working through a single manufacturer who can manage the seamless integration of ceiling and lighting components, from the early stages of design through the design iterations which occur downstream. This is a shift from the traditional approach to specification, where each trade is responsible for specific components. However, manufacturers who develop their own integrated systems have the ability to parameterize the component products in a manner which adapts to the requirements of the space.
For example, what if an interior architect specifies a complex, multidimensional ceiling array and desires to have linear lighting run perpendicular to the array (Figure 3)?
Today, the architect works with a specialty ceiling manufacturer to specify the array, with a lighting designer to determine placement of the luminaires, followed by a coordination with the ceiling manufacturer to accommodate the luminaire placement, followed by potential downstream iterations requiring collaboration between the ceiling and luminaire manufacturers, and/or the electrical and ceiling contractors. With a single manufacturer who has already pre-parameterized the product variables for both lighting and ceiling components via parametric design software, these components are already programmed to be interdependent. Architects are able to design a ceiling array and lighting designers can determine lighting requirements and on-center spacing of the luminaires, and the design will automatically adapt, as will all necessary deliverables, like shop drawings, reflected ceiling plans, and Revit models. Manufacturers who develop this capability to support the design community can add substantial value by reducing the time and cost associated with the iterative design process and ensure the integrity of the design through to installation.
In addition to working with a single manufacturer, a closer collaboration between interior architect and lighting designer, and a better integration of lighting capabilities, will be required to ensure technical project requirements are met. Lighting designers will benefit from educating themselves on the topic of holistic ceiling design, including textiles, acoustic properties, and integration points. Conversely, interior architects will want to select ceiling system platforms able to accommodate and adapt to other ceiling elements, ensuring the downstream process is clean once lighting is specified and integrated. From a specification standpoint, the integrity of the design is likely to stick if the design elements in the system are cross-referenced across Division 09 and Division 26, ensuring better coordination between electrical and ceiling contractors.
The benefit of working collaboratively upstream and/or with a single lighting and ceiling system manufacturer extends beyond the specification community into the contractor domain. Having lighting products designed to purposely fit into the ceiling array eliminates many of the potential design and installation issues experienced when working across manufacturers and also ensures the system is designed for installation, taking into account both the lighting and ceiling elements. Figure 4 is an example of an optimized integration, with the luminaire acting as the structure for the ceiling system, thus minimizing the number of hang points and streamlining the installation process.
Product bidding, sourcing, and timing to the job site are also more easily coordinated when working with one manufacturer. Concerns facing the contractor community include sorting out which contractor bids on what product and limited flexibility to substitute products when such an integrated system is specified.
Conclusion
Lighting design for an architectural project has traditionally happened after the ceiling is specified. As specialty ceilings have gained more market traction and ceiling designs have become more complex in nature, significant benefits can be derived from a more collaborative, interdependent design approach. This approach can be accomplished most effectively through working with a single manufacturer, as the individual lighting and ceiling components can be parameterized in a way to ensure relatively quick, seamless designs and avoid negative effects of iterative, downstream design changes. Parametric design platforms can help automate and streamline the design and production processes. Collaboration across specifiers, namely lighting designers, interior architects, acousticians, and interior designers will ensure the appropriate balance of acoustics, lighting, aesthetic, and budgetary requirements. Splitting the bidding and installation across the appropriate ceiling and electrical contractors, with products appropriately cross-referenced in Divisions 09 and 26, will lead to less friction downstream. The result of scalable, unique, heterogenous designs which accommodate both ceiling and lighting elements is well worth the effort and shift in how one approaches integrated systems in the future.
Star Davis is a creative and analytical designer focused on carbon-cutting, intelligent, innovative solutions for the constructed environment. She is currently vice-president of innovation and product development at Focal Point and an adjunct lecturer at Parson School of Design. She was formerly global head of lighting for WeWork and a consultant at Arup NY.
