Understanding CPVC
CPVC is particularly suited for commercial applications (e.g. schools, office buildings, retail, and hospitals), as well as industrial applications (e.g. chemical processing, manufacturing, mineral processing, wastewater treatment, power generation, and marine applications).
The material is self-extinguishing and has relatively low smoke generation, which is no more toxic than smoke generated by wood.4 With a higher limiting oxygen index (LOI) value than many other common building materials, in the absence of an external flame this system will not support combustion under normal atmospheric conditions.
Performance-wise, CPVC is durable. The material has been in production since 1959 and, unlike metallic systems, CPVC pipes will not pit, scale, or corrode—regardless of water quality. Further, the material is cost-efficient. With no torches required, CPVC systems can be installed more quickly and more easily than traditional metal systems—instead, pipe and fitting are solvent-welded quickly and firmly; they can also be mechanically joined. The system offers additional savings because it is highly energy-efficient. Further, CPVC offers advantages when it comes to product selection. Pipes and fittings up to 610 mm (24 in.) meet the needs of nearly any commercial project.
CPVC piping systems can be installed using one of two methods: chemical joining or mechanical joining.5 A one-step chemical joining process (called solvent welding) can be used on CTS CPVC systems. This system eliminates the need to use a separate primer. Installers cut the pipe, clean the pipe and fittings, apply solvent cement inside the fitting socket, assemble the joint, and verify proper installation. A two-step process (primer and solvent cement) is used in Schedule 80 systems. The science of solvent welding, both the one- and two-step processes, forms a chemical bond and ensures a properly installed fitting is the strongest part of the system.
Mechanical joining is an option for Schedule 80 CPVC systems. This consists of cutting and grooving the pipe, then connecting pipe sections with specialty fittings. Mechanical joining options are especially ideal for alterations or repairs, as they eliminate drying time and shorten system downtime. Transition fittings
for connection to other materials are also available.
Conclusion
With durability, versatility, straightforward installation, and decades of proven performance in the field, CPVC piping systems can be a suitable option for a range of commercial applications, from hospitals to office buildings to schools. By following manufacturer and code guidelines, systems can be sized to ensure optimal water pressure as well as long-term reliability of the entire system.
Notes
1 This information can be found in section E103.2.2 of the International Plumbing Code (IPC).
2 Refer to sections 604.3 and 604.5 of the IPC.
3 In CPVC systems, the dBa noise level will always be lower than that of copper. Specific sound levels vary based on pipe size and water velocity. For more information, refer to “Final Test Report on Noise Emission Comparison of FlowGuard Gold CPVC Pipe and Copper Pipe” published by NSF International, 31 May 2001. Click here.
4 Refer to “Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Thermal Degradation Products Using the NYS Modified Pittsburgh Protocol on Blazemaster CPVC Sprinkler Pipe” published by United States Testing Company–Biological Services Division, 8 December 1989. Click here.
5 While Schedule 80 pipe has thick walls and is able to withstand high pressure applications, Schedule 40 has thinner walls and is more suited for low pressure systems. Schedule 40 can only be joined with solvent welding. Schedule 80 can be joined with either solvent welding or mechanical joints.
Tom Attenweiler is a product engineer for Lubrizol, where he provides technical support to sales and marketing and helped developed the company’s engineered materials platform. He has seven years of chemical operations experience, including support of thermoplastic polyurethane resin production. A graduate of Case Western Reserve University, Attenweiler previously worked for DuPont as a chemical process engineer supporting industrial enzyme production and as a process analyzer consultant gaining exposure to a variety of chemical manufacturing processes. He can be reached via e-mail at thomas.attenweiler@lubrizol.com.
Don Townley is the global codes and approvals manager with Temprite Engineered Polymers of Lubrizol. He has a degree in mechanical engineering (BSME) from the University of Cincinnati. A member of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Technical Committee on Residential Sprinkler Systems, Townley has more than 20 years of experience related to the design and installation of CPVC pipe and fitting systems used in fire sprinkler, industrial chemical, and potable water distribution applications. He is active in code development activities, presenting numerous code changes to both the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) and the International Plumbing Code (IPC). He can be reached via e-mail at donald.townley@lubrizol.com.
